Neonatal Jaundice and Homoeopathy

Article outline
Definition> Types> Neonatal Jaundice Secondary to Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia> Neonatal Jaundice Secondary to Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia>Bibliography

Definition
The term jaundice, derived from the French jaune or yellow, is defined as yellow pigmentation of sclera, skin, and urine caused by hyperbilirubinemia. It is the common condition in newborns, when a baby has jaundice, either too much bilirubin is being produced or the liver does not get rid of it quickly enough. A newborn baby's liver is not fully matured, so jaundice is common during a baby's first few days of life. Hyperbilirubinemia in the term or late preterm infant greater than 35 weeks' gestation is classified as either physiological or pathological based on age-specific statistical analysis of serum bilirubin measurement.

Types
There are two major groups in which the neonatal jaundice may be studied. The types, causes and treatment are given here in tabular form.

Neonatal Jaundice Secondary to Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia

Causes Miasm Remedies

Overproduction of bilirubin Psora/Sycosis thuj. sulph. nit-ac. calc. lyc. nat-m. sil. ars. caust. ferr.
1. Increased rate of hemolysis (reticulocyte count elevated) Syphilis apis. arg-nit. Lach. crot-h. cad-m. kali-c. am-c. kali-chl. Phos. ac- sal. pl-m. crot-h. latr-m.

a. Patients with a positive Coombs test

ABO blood group incompatibility Psora Causa occasionalis

Rh incompatibility Psora Causa occasionalis

Other blood group sensitizations Psora Causa occasionalis

b. Patients with a negative Coombs test

Abnormal red cell shapes
Spherocytosis- the best known inherited membrane abnormality leading to a reduced red cell lifespan and sometimes severe anaemia. Inheritance is usually autosomal dominant, and there is often a positive family history. Psora/Syphilis ARS. Bry. calc. card-m. Cham. chel. chin. chion. chol. cupr. dig. eberth. gels. Hydr. jug-c. lach. Lept. lith-c. lob. lyc. mag-p. MERC. myric. nat-s. nux-v. Phos. podo. ptel. sang. sulph. tarax. thlas. verat.

Elliptocytosis Psora/Syphilis Acetanilidum. cortisonum. Kali-c. Sulfanilamidum.

Pyknocytosis Sycosis Adren. Coffea. latr-m.

Stomatocytosis Syphilis apis. arg-nit. Lach. crot-h. cad-m. kali-c. am-c. kali-chl. Phos. ac- sal. pl-m. crot-h. latr-m.

Red cell enzyme abnormalities
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency Psora chin. iod. ars. calc. con. ferr. ign. lach. nat-m. nit-ac.

Pyruvate kinase deficiency Psora loxo-lae. malar. loxo-recl. calc-ar. ferr-ar. cedr. ferr-i. chinin-ar. ars-i. agn.

Hexokinase deficiency Psora agar. agn. ars-i. ars. brom. calc-ar. calc. carb-v. cedr. chin.
Other metabolic defects
c. Patients with bacterial or viral sepsis Psora/ Syphilis/Sycosis bapt. lach. arn. phos. chin. ars-i. ars. carb-v. crot-h. agar.

2. Nonhemolytic causes of increased bilirubin load (reticulocyte count normal)

a. Extravascular hemorrhage Psora/Syphilis chin. ferr. ars. calc. carb-v. lach. nat-m. nux-v. phos. sulph.

Cephalhematoma Psora/ Syphilis/Sycosis bar-c. cocc. crot-h. nux-v. hydr-ac. bell. glon. ip. acon. arn.

Extensive bruising Psora/Syphilis arn. chin. carb-v.

Central nervous system hemorrhage Psora/Syphilis bar-c. cocc. crot-h. nux-v. hydr-ac. bell. glon. ip. acon. arn.

b. Polycythemia Psora/Sycosis cean. cob-n. cortico. lach. phos. x-ray

c. Exaggerated enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin- due to decreased life span of RBCs, the production of bilirubin is increased. Psora/Sycosis apis. arg-nit. Lach. crot-h. cad-m. kali-c. am-c. kali-chl. Phos. ac- sal. pl-m. crot-h. latr-m.

Gastrointestinal tract obstruction- may cause obstructive jaundics. Psora/Syphilis astac. chin. fel-t. nux-v.

Functional ileus- is present when either a dynamic dysfunction or even a paralysis of the intestinal muscles prevent the passage of food through the intestines. Auscultation reveals a silent abdomen with missing bowel sounds, which is why this diagnostic finding is called "Grabesstille". Psora/Syphilis alum. apoc. bry. con. esin-sal. lyc. mag-m. nux-v. OP. Phos. PLB. plb-act. pyrog. Rhus-t. samb. Sec. tab. thuj. visc.

Decreased rate of conjugation (Unconjugated bilirubin elevated, reticulocyte count normal)

Physiologic jaundice- due to the breakdown of red blood cells (which release bilirubin into the blood) and to the immaturity of the newborn's liver (which cannot effectively metabolize the bilirubin and prepare it for excretion into the urine). Psora Bell. bry. chin. Lyc. Merc-cor. Merc-sol. Naphth. Nat-phos. Phos. Sec-cor. Sulph- ac.

Crigler-Najjar syndrome- a rare disorder of bilirubin metabolism caused by a deficiency of hepatic UDP glucuronyl transferase, and characterized by high serum levels of unconjugated bilirubin that appear in the first days after birth and continue through life. Psora Maintaining cause.

Type I glucuronyl transferase deficiency, autosomal-recessive Psora Maintaining cause.

Type II glucuronyl transferase deficiency, autosomal-dominant Psora Maintaining cause.

Gilbert syndrome- an autosomal recessive condition, characterized by intermittent jaundice in the absence of hemolysis or underlying liver disease. The hyperbilirubinemia is mild (less than 6 mg/dL). Considerable daily and seasonal variations are observed. It may be precipitated by dehydration, fasting, menstrual periods, or stress, such as an intercurrent illness or vigorous exercise. Psora sep. calc. nux-v. sulph. chin. phos. puls. ars. lach. plb.

Hypothyroidism Psora/Syphilis iod. con. lyc. merc. nat-m. nux-v. sep. calc-sil. calc. alum.

Neonatal Jaundice Secondary to Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Causes Miasm Remedies

I. Acute or Chronic Hepatocellular Dysfunction

A. Infection

Viral hepatitis A-E Psora/ Sycosis/ Syphilis Arn. aur. bell. carc. Card-m. Corn. crot-h. Lach. lact. LYC. mag-m. nat-c. Nat-m. NAT-S. Nit-ac. Nux-v. Phos. phyt. podo. Psor. ptel. ran-s. sel. sil. Sulph. tub.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) hepatitis- mild transient increases in hepatocellular enzymes may be present, and, rarely, jaundice may develop. The disease typically has a favorable prognosis, but death has been reported in immunosuppressed patients. Pathology typically shows mononuclear cell infiltration of the portal areas but may also reveal granulomatous inflammation Psora/ Sycosis/ Syphilis sil. carb-an. sulph. iod. kali-c. lyc. bry. nux-v. rhus-t. sep.

Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis- an acute febrile illness, spread by saliva transfer; characterized by fever, sore throat, enlargement of lymph nodes and spleen, and leukopenia that changes to lymphocytosis of abnormal monocytes which are collected not only in the lymph nodes and spleen, but in various other sites, such as the meninges, brain, and myocardium. Syn: glandular fever, benign lymphadenosis. Psora/ Sycosis calen. carc. influ. mur-ac. ph-ac.

Sepsis Psora/ Syphilis

Acon. agar. am-c. ant-t. anthraci. Apis arg-met. arg-n. Arn. ARS. ars-i. arum-t. atro. Bapt. bell. bor-ac. both. Bry. bufo calc. calc-ar. calen. camph. Carb-ac. CARB-V. Cench. chin. Chinin-ar. Chinin-s. colch. CROT-H. ECHI. Elaps. eucal. Ferr. ferr-p. gels. hell. hep. Hippoz. hydroph. hyos. indol. Ip. irid-met. kali-bi. kali-br. kali-c. kali-chl. Kali-p. kreos. LACH. lob-p. Lyc. mag-c. Merc. merc-cy. mur-ac. Naja. Nit-ac. op. ph-ac. Phos. phyt. Puls. PYROG. rad-br. Rhus-t. Sal-ac. Sec. sil. skat. staphycoc. stram. streptoc. sul-ac. sulfonam. Sulph. tarax. tarent. tarent-c. ter. toxo-g. vac. vario. Verat. Verat-v. vince. Vip. zinc.

B. Inflammation Without Infection

Toxic liver injury Psora agn. teucr. hydr. bapt. Aloe. kali-i. sec. op. camph. laur.

Drug toxicity (eg, acetaminophen) Psora nux-v. sulph. Aloe. bry. hydr. lach. nit-ac. ph-ac. agar. ars.

Halothane hepatitis Psora/ Sycosis acet-ac. adren. am-caust. aml-ns. crot-chlol. hep. keroso. nux-v. op. phos. plb.

Alcoholic hepatitis Psora/ Sycosis Med. Nux- vom.

Iron overload (hemochromatosis) Psora ars. calc-p. Chin. chinin-ar. cupr. Hep. iod. ip. merc. nat-m. Puls. Sulph. Zinc.

Copper overload (Wilson disease) Psora camph. Hep. Ip. lyc. Merc. nux-v. op. Puls.

Autoimmune hepatitis Psora/ Syphilis carc. crot-h.phos. sulph. stann.

C. Metabolic Dysfunction

Ischemia ("shock liver") Psora carc. crot-h. phos. stann. sulph.

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy Psora crot-h. phos. sil. ther.

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency Psora vanad. uran-n. ther. crot-h. phos. pneu. grin. morg-p. lac-d.

Preeclampsia Psora plat. hyos. ign. bell. cic. cocc. cham. cupr. gels. op.

Reye syndrome- an acquired encephalopathy of young children that follows an acute febrile illness; characterized by recurrent vomiting, agitation, and lethargy, which may lead to coma with intracranial hypertension; ammonia and serum transaminases are elevated; death may result from edema of the brain and resulting cerebral herniation. Psora/ sycosis calc-p. hell. ip. gels. abrot. op. iod. cupr. crot-c. canth.

Total parenteral nutrition Causa occasionalis

D. Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Dubin-Johnson syndrome- an inherited defect in hepatic excretory function characterized by jaundice with levels of serum bilirubin up to about 6 mg/dL, over half of which is conjugated, and excretion of abnormal proportions of coproporphyrin I in urine. Psora acon. card-m. chel. iod. lach. lyc. merc. nat-s. nit-ac. nux-v.

Rotor syndrome- jaundice appearing in childhood due to impaired biliary excretion; most of the plasma bilirubin is conjugated, liver function tests are usually normal, and there is no hepatic pigmentation. Psora acon. aesc. agar-ph. agar. agn. Aloe. alum. am-m. ambr. anders.

Benign recurrent cholestasis Psora sep. nux-v. lyc. lach. phos. acon. calc. sulph. ars. caust.

II. Diseases that Prevent Flow of Bile into the Intestine

A. Damage to Intrahepatic Bile Ducts or Portal Tracts

Primary biliary cirrhosis Psora/ Sycosis / Syphilis card-m. hydr. iod. phos. calc-ar. chin. lyc. mur-ac. ars-i. aur-m.

Graft-versus-host disease Causa occasionalis

Veno-occlusive disease- Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) is a common complication occurring within 20 days of bone marrow transplantation. Causa occasionalis

Sclerosing cholangitis- Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic liver disease characterized by inflammation, destruction and fibrosis of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts that leads to cirrhosis of the liver. It is often complicated by recurrent episodes of bacterial cholangitis. Patients with PSC also have an increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma. Psora/ Sycosis / Syphilis calc-ar. hydr. mur-ac. card-m. kali-i. iod. aur. plb. Urea. chin.

B. Damage to or Obstruction of Larger Bile Ducts

Choledocholithiasis- presence of a stone in the common bile duct. Psora/ Sycosis podo. merc-d. card-m. nat-s. chel. verat. lach. bell. euon-a. chion.

Sclerosing cholangitis Psora/ Sycosis / Syphilis hydr. calc-ar. card-m. iod. phos. chin. lyc. mur-ac. aur. kali-i.

AIDS cholangiopathy- a syndrome of biliary obstruction resulting from infection-related strictures of the biliary tract. Psora/ Sycosis / Syphilis phos. crot-h. carb-v. med. acet-ac. am-caust. anan. arg-met. germ-met. tub-r.

Hepatic arterial chemotherapy Causa occasionalis

Postsurgical strictures Psora/ Sycosis rhus-t. am-m. calc. caust. chim. coloc. graph. lyc. med. nat-m.

Bile duct cancers Psora/ Sycosis / Syphilis card-m. mag-p. mag-s. nat-m. nat-s. phos.

Developmental disorders of the bile ducts (eg, Caroli) Psora/ Syphilis bell. chel. chin. lach. merc. nux-v. podo. bapt. lept. sulph.

Extrinsic compression of the bile duct Causa occasionalis

Tumors Psora/ Sycosis / Syphilis phos. bell. chel. lach. nat-s. chin. merc. nux-v. podo. sulph.

Acute pancreatitis Psora con. spong. atro. iod.iris kali-i. merc. achy. atro-s. bar-m.

C. Diffuse Infiltrative Diseases

Granulomatous diseases

Sarcoidosis

Psora/ Sycosis/ Syphilis ars-i. beryl. mang-s. tub-m. ars-br. lyc. nat-ar. parathyr. pin-s. puls.

Disseminated mycobacterial infections Psora/ Syphilis agar. arist-cl. ars. aven. Bac. Bell. beta brom. Calc. calc-f. CALC-P. calo. carc. chinin-ar. coli. diphtox. dros. elaps ferr-i. form. formal. hed. Hep. hippoz. Ichth. iod. iodof. KALI-C. kali-s. kreos. lach. Lachn. lap-a. lec. led. LYC. med. myrt-c. nat-ar. nat-m. nit-ac. ol-j. Oscilloc. ox-ac. phel. phos. pneu. psor. PULS. pyrog. sang. senec. Sep. Sil. spong. Stann. Sulph. Ther. titan. tub. tub-sp. urea v-a-b. vac. vanad. x-ray zinc.

Lymphoma Psora/ Sycosis ars. ars-i. aur-m. Bar-c. bar-i. calc. Calc-f. carb-an. carc. cist. con. Iod. kali-m. mur-ac. nat-m. ph-ac. phos. phyt. rad-br. scroph-n. sec. sil. syph. Thuj. tub.

Wegener granulomatosis- is characterized by necrotizing granulomas and ulceration of the upper respiratory tract, with purulent rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, and sometimes with otorrhea, hemoptysis, pulmonary infiltration and cavitation, and fever; exophthalmos, involvement of the larynx and pharynx, and glomerulonephritis may occur; the underlying condition is a vasculitis affecting small vessels, and is possibly due to an immune disorder. Psora/ Syphilis Aur.

Amyloidosis- the disease characterized by extracellular accumulation of amyloid in various organs and tissues of the body; may be local or generalized; may be primary or secondary. Psora/ Sycosis/ Syphilis arn. ars. med. vanad.

Diffuse malignancy Psora/ Sycosis/ Syphilis alum-sil. anan. ant-ar. ant-i. arg-met. bell-p. benzq. cadm-act. cadm-ar. cadm-br. cadm-chl. cadm-chr. cadm-f. cadm-gl. cadm-i. cadm-m. cadm-met. cadm-n. cadm-o. cadm-s. cadm-sel. calc-f. con. hydr. kali-tcy. lap-a. oxyg. phos. phyt. scir. scroph-n. symph.

D. Diseases that Interfere with Biliary Secretion of Bilirubin

Drug-induced cholestasis, as with the following:

Chlorpromazine Causa occasionalis

Erythromycin Causa occasionalis

Estrogens Causa occasionalis

Anabolic steroids Causa occasionalis

Many others Causa occasionalis

Bibliography
1. ABC First Year
2. Atlas of Pediatrics
3. Visualdiagnosis in Paediatrics
4. Managing Newborn Problems A Guide For Doctors
5. Practical.Child.Psychiatry
6. Shock_in_Pediatrics
7. essentials of pediatrics
8. Pediatric Gastrointestinal Imaging and Intervention
9. Current Pediatric Diagnosis & Treatment 18th ed (CPDT)
10. Behrman_-_Nelson_Textbook_of_Pediatrics_17th_ed
11. Anatomy and Physiology of Children- Roultedge
12. Examination of The Newborn- A Practical Guide
13. Oski’s Pediatrics
14. Peadiatric endocrinology
15. Pediatric Diagnostic Examination
16. Pretest Pediatrics
17. Pediatrics at a Glance
18. Rudolph’s Pediatrics
19. A Comparison of the Chronic Miasms, Phillis Speight
20. A Dictionary of Practical Materia Medica, Vol. I, II. III, John Henry Clarke
21. Clinical Materia Medica, E. A. Farrington
22. Clinical Repertory, J. H. Clarke
23. Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, Lawrence M. Tierney, Stephen J. McPhee
24. Davidson’s Principles And Practice of Medicine
25. Handbook of Human Physiology, Dr. Vidyaratan
26. Homoeopathy, Introductory Lectures, M. L. Taylor
27. How to Take The Case & To Find the Similimum, E. B. Nash
28. Human Physiology, Dr. Chandi Charan Chaterjee
29. Lectures on Homoeopathic Materia Medica, Lames Tyler Kent
30. Miasmatic Diagnosis, Dr. S. K. Banerjea
31. Organon Expositor, Dr. S. D. Sircar
32. Organon Of Medicine, At A Glance, Part I & II, Dr. A. C. Gupta
33. Organon of Medicine, Samuel Hahnemann
34. Pathology, Virginia A. LiVolsi, Maria J. Merino, John S. J. Brooks, Scott H. Saul, John E.
35. Pocket Manual of Homoeopathic Materia Medica, William Boericke
36. Practice of Medicine, Dr. K. Chaudhury
37. Principles of Internal Medicine Vol. I, II, Harrison
38. Repertory Of Homoeopathic Materia Medica, J. T. Kent
39. Stedman’s Medical Dictionary
40. Synthetic Repertory, Vols. I, II & III
41. Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary
42. Text Book Of Medical Physiology, Guyton
43. The Genius of Homoeopathy Stuart Clause
44. The Principles & Art of Cure By Homoeopathy, Herberts A. Roberts
45. Therapeutic Pointers, E. A. Farrington

Tags: homeopathy, jaundice, neonatal, neonate, remedy

3 members like this